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The map of Lang Son is a collection of poetic natural wonders and rich historical sites. This northernmost province of Vietnam invites you to explore its breathtaking landscapes while discovering important stories from the nation’s past—tales of resilience and patriotism passed down through generations. Let Vietnam Original Travel be your trusted guide to fully experience the beauty and legacy of Lang Son.

Geography & Administrative Divisions

Lang Son is a mountainous province located in the Northeast region of Vietnam, about 150 kilometers from Hanoi. It shares borders with Cao Bang, Quang Ninh, Bac Giang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan provinces, and China. The province’s terrain is mostly hilly, interspersed with valleys and small plains. Its highest point is Mount Mau Son, which stands at 1,541 meters above sea level. Lang Son is home to stunning natural landscapes, historical relics, and unique ethnic traditions such as archaeological culture. All these features make Lang Son an unforgettable destination for every traveler.

Here are some key geographical and administrative facts about Lang Son:

Total area: approximately 8,310 km²

Population: around 881,300 people

Topography: mainly mountainous, with valleys and small plains

Borders: shares an international border with Guangxi Province, China

Region: Northeast Vietnam

Administratively, Lang Son includes

1 provincial city: Lang Son City (provincial capital)

10 districts: Bac Son, Binh Gia, Cao Loc, Chi Lang, Dinh Lap, Huu Lung, Loc Binh, Trang Dinh, Van Lang, Van Quan

Note: Some districts have merged recently due to administrative reforms. Always check the latest official map for the most accurate district boundaries.

Climate & Best Time to Visit

Lang Son lies in a subtropical climate zone, with clearly defined summer and winter seasons. The average annual temperature ranges from 17°C to 23°C. Each season offers its own charm and unique experiences. However, it is advisable to avoid visiting Lang Son from May to July, as this is the region’s stormy season. Outside of this period, ideal times to explore Lang Son include

February to April: This is festival season in Lang Son, deeply rooted in local culture and tradition. Visitors can immerse themselves in vibrant celebrations like the Tam Thanh Pagoda Festival or the Ky Lua Firecracker Festival.

Late July to late November: This time of year is the golden rice season in Bac Son Valley, when vast fields turn a rich yellow hue. Plum and peach blossoms color the mountain landscape, while Mount Mau Son appears dreamy amidst drifting clouds. It’s a popular time for photography enthusiasts and travelers looking to capture Lang Son’s natural beauty and fragrant harvest season.

August to early September: This period is the harvest time for Chi Lang’s custard apple (na du day)—a special fruit grown on rocky mountains, known for its large size, thick flesh, and intense sweetness.

November to January: In winter, temperatures at Mau Son peak can drop below 0°C, creating rare scenes of frost and snow in Vietnam. Lang Son becomes a captivating destination for those who love nature and the Northern chill.

Top Attractions And Natural Wonders

Lang Son Ancient Citadel

The ancient citadel, located in Chi Lang Ward, is a nationally recognized historical site that played a significant role in Lang Son. In the past, it served as a vibrant economic, cultural, and political center, bustling with trade and commercial activities. The citadel was rectangular in shape, featuring four gates in four different directions, known as the “Four Guardians.” It was constructed from large stone blocks. However, due to the impact of war and time, only the west and south gates remain intact today.

Chi Lang Frontier Pass

This is one of Lang Son’s most famous landmarks, deeply imprinted with the glorious legacy of Vietnam’s national history—especially the legendary victory of 1427, when the Lam Son insurgent army defeated tens of thousands of Ming invaders, reclaiming the independence of Đại Việt. Chi Lang Pass is an oval-shaped valley stretching over 20 kilometers, connecting Chi Lang to Huu Hung. Towering mountains flank both its western and eastern sides, creating a rugged, strategic terrain. The stunning natural setting, with its majestic mountains and dramatic landscape, resembles a captivating ink-wash painting.

That Khe & the Historic RC4 Road 

Nestled in the northwest of Lang Son Province, That Khe is a peaceful town with a powerful past. Once a key outpost along the Colonial Road 4 (RC4), That Khe was the site of major battles between the French colonial army and the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. In mid-September 1950, the Viet Minh successfully attacked That Khe following their victory at Dong Khe (in present-day Cao Bang), forcing the French to retreat and marking a critical turning point in the war.

Today, That Khe offers a unique blend of military history and natural serenity. Visitors can trace sections of the old RC4 route, explore war relics, and hike through the dramatic jungle-covered hills that once hid guerrilla fighters. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply seeking an off-the-beaten-path adventure, That Khe reveals a lesser-known yet deeply moving side of Lang Son.

Mother Mau Dong Dang Shrine (Den Mau)

​​Dong Dang Mother Goddess Temple is one of the most renowned spiritual sites and a remarkable tourist destination in Lang Son. Located in the center of Dong Dang town, the temple holds significant value in terms of architecture, religious beliefs, and history. Every year on the 10th day of the first lunar month, the temple hosts the Long Tong Festival, featuring traditional activities such as lion dances and martial arts performances.

Tam Thanh Pagoda-Cave

Located in Lang Son City, Tam Thanh Cave is part of the scenic and historical complex that includes Nhi–Tam Thanh, To Thi Mountain, and Mac Dynasty Citadel. It is one of the most famous cultural and natural landmarks in Lang Son. The cave features layers of shimmering stalactites in various vivid shapes, such as the Parasol Tree or the Celestial Hermit, along with a high, airy dome. Deeper inside lies the Am Ty Lake—a crystal-clear, never-drying underground lake that showcases the cave’s serene natural beauty.

Within the cave is Tam Thanh Pagoda (also known as Thanh Thien Pagoda), an ancient place of worship. Originally a Taoist temple dedicated to the Three Pure Ones (Ngoc Thanh, Thuong Thanh, and Thai Thanh), the site later adopted Buddhist and folk religious elements as Taoism gradually faded from the local spiritual life. Today, especially during Lunar New Year and festival seasons, Tam Thanh Pagoda welcomes large numbers of pilgrims and visitors who come to enjoy the scenery and pray for good fortune.

Na Lay Mountain

Na Lay Mountain sits at an elevation of about 600 meters above sea level and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Lang Son. Its ideal location offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the stunning Bac Son Valley. The climb to the top involves 1,200 steep stone steps and takes around 30 minutes, but don’t worry—there’s a broadcasting station along the way where you can rest before reaching the summit.

Bac Son Flower Valley

Located in Lan Khoang Village, the Bac Son Flower Valley is a vibrant floral carpet set amidst majestic natural surroundings. Covering over 20 hectares, the valley bursts with seasonal blooms, golden rice fields, and creatively designed photo spots, making it a paradise for lovers of beauty and tranquility. If you’re visiting Lang Son during a holiday or the rice harvest season, be sure not to miss this enchanting valley.

Huu Lung Grassland

The Huu Lung Grassland spans 100 hectares and is famed for its lush green meadows, clear lakes, and majestic surrounding cliffs. The grassland is at its most beautiful before the rainy season, typically from March to May, when rising waters haven’t yet covered the vibrant green islets. During this time, the trees are in full bloom, and the weather is cool and pleasant—perfect for camping, outdoor activities, and horseback riding. To help preserve the local ecosystem, visitors are not allowed to drive into the valley; instead, they can walk about 500 meters or hire a local to take them in.

Dang Mo Waterfall

Dang Mo Waterfall boasts a poetic and romantic beauty, surrounded by untouched forests and mountains. Located about 20 km from the Bac Son Flower Valley, it’s easily accessible due to the short distance. If you have the chance to visit this charming waterfall and walk along the stream, you’ll see large and small moss-covered rocks that create a refreshing atmosphere. On both sides of the waterfall stand towering ancient trees with dense foliage that blocks out the sunlight, making this already peaceful place feel even more majestic, mysterious, and enchanting.

Phia Bo Peak

Nicknamed the “Roof of Lang Son,” Phia Po Peak (also known as Cha Mountain Peak) stands at 1,541 meters and is a favorite destination among the trekking community. The mountain is known for its vast green grasslands in summer, which turn a golden brown in winter. With its rich, untouched flora and fauna and stunning natural landscapes, Phia Po Peak is truly an ideal spot for trekking enthusiasts.

Ky Lua Walking Street

Ky Lua Walking Street is a favorite spot among many visitors to Lang Son City. In the evening, as you stroll along the street, you’ll experience a vibrant and lively atmosphere lit up by dazzling lights, with various shopping stalls, street food, and entertaining games. This is truly an exciting destination for tourists to explore at night.

Lang son Global Geopark

Lang Son Global Geopark covers over 4,842 km²—around 58% of Lang Son Province—and is home to more than 627,000 people from seven ethnic groups, including Nung, Tay, and Hmong. Its landscape is dominated by stunning karst formations, most notably the Bac Son limestone block, which rises 400–700m above sea level and offers a cool, temperate climate.

The geopark features an extensive network of limestone caves filled with pristine stalactites and stalagmites, shaped by natural water flow over millions of years. Huu Lien Nature Reserve, within the park, hosts rich biodiversity with 794 plant species and dozens of rare animals. More than just a geological treasure, the park is also a cultural hub, preserving the traditions and livelihoods of ethnic communities. With its scenic beauty, ecological richness, and geological significance, Lang Son Global Geopark is a unique destination for nature lovers, researchers, and cultural explorers.

Food And Cuisine

Roast Pork & Roast Duck

When talking about Lang Son, one cannot miss its iconic dishes—roast pork and roast duck—often considered the “soul” of the local cuisine. These specialties have captivated countless visitors with their rich, flavorful, and distinctive taste.

The duck is carefully marinated with special spices and mac mat leaves—a signature herb from the northeastern mountains—then roasted over glowing charcoal until the skin turns golden and crispy while the meat remains tender and juicy. Meanwhile, the pork is seasoned with a secret traditional recipe and roasted in a specialized oven until the skin becomes perfectly golden, the fat melts into a savory richness, and the meat is moist and aromatic.

Huu Lung Nem Nuong 

When visiting Lang Son, you simply can’t miss its unique nem nuong. Unlike traditional versions, this dish carries the distinctive flavor of the mountainous forests. The pork is wrapped in banana leaves and left to ferment naturally. Once ready, it’s grilled over charcoal for a smoky aroma. Made from fresh, high-quality ingredients, this special nem is especially popular with tourists for its bold and refreshing taste.

Khau Nhuc 

Khau nhuc, also known as Nam khau, is a traditional dish of Chinese origin introduced to Vietnam by the Tày and Nùng ethnic groups. Typically served during festivals, weddings, and special occasions, this dish requires a meticulous cooking process. The main ingredients include pork belly and taro, seasoned with a blend of minced onion, garlic, ginger, five-spice powder, sugar, pepper, oyster sauce, a splash of white wine, and la tau soi—a salty preserved vegetable commonly used by the Tay and Nung people.

The pork is first boiled, then roasted (or fried), and finally steamed to perfection. Khau nhuc is usually enjoyed with rice, bread, or fresh vegetables during breakfast or main meals. The pork is tender and flavorful, with the taro-infused spices soaking into the meat. The slightly sweet pork skin and rich, fatty layers offer a melt-in-your-mouth experience without feeling greasy.

Sour Pho 

Lang Son sour pho is typically served on a large plate, with layers starting from rice noodles at the bottom, followed by char siu pork, cucumber, roasted peanuts, fried sweet potatoes, and crispy shallots. This dish offers a perfect balance of sour, spicy, salty, and sweet flavors. The most important component of the sauce is sweet vinegar, blended with aromatic sautéed garlic and onions, fish sauce, and ginger.

Lang Son sour pho is a cooling dish, ideal for hot summer days. However, it can still be enjoyed in winter when both the sauce and noodles are reheated for warmth.

Banh Cuon Trung

Banh cuon trung (steamed rice rolls with egg) is made from finely ground high-quality white rice mixed with water to achieve the perfect batter—neither too dry nor too watery. The batter is steamed on a cloth stretched over a pot of boiling water, allowing the rolls to cook evenly with rising steam. Unlike regular rice rolls, people in Lang Son use egg as the filling, creating a rich and unique flavor. Traditionally, banh cuon trung is served with a dipping sauce made from a special vinegar fermented from ripe bananas unique to Lang Son—an ingredient that gives the dish its distinctive regional taste.

Cao Sang

Cao Sang cake is a specialty dish of Lang Son with origins in China. The cook steams ground white rice flour until it forms a soft, firm block. Just before it is fully cooked, a layer of sautéed minced pork and dried shallots is added on top. You’ll be captivated by the flavors of this dish when dipping a piece of Cao Sang into a bowl of sweet-and-sour dipping sauce made with vinegar, sugar, chili, and fish sauce.

This unique fried cake features a crust made from glutinous rice, regular rice, soybeans, and soft taro, giving it a distinctive flavor. The filling is made of richly seasoned roasted duck meat. To enjoy it, dip a piece of Banh Ap Chao into a sweet and sour fish sauce accompanied by green papaya salad and a handful of fresh herbs for a refreshing balance.

Coong Phu 

A traditional delicacy of the Tay ethnic people in Lang Son, Coong Phu is quite similar in preparation to the southern Vietnamese “banh troi” (glutinous rice balls). However, this version includes red and white rice balls filled with sweet mung bean paste. Served hot, the chewy rice dough pairs perfectly with the nutty sweetness of mung beans, light sugar syrup, shredded coconut, and rich roasted peanuts.

Culture and Festivals

Ethnic Diversity

Lang Son is not only celebrated for its breathtaking mountain landscapes but also for its vibrant cultural mosaic shaped by diverse ethnic communities. With over 80% of its population belonging to minority groups, the province is home to seven main ethnicities, each preserving unique traditions, attire, and lifestyles. This diversity offers visitors a rare chance to experience a harmonious blend of heritage and nature—from traditional clothing and folk songs to distinctive festivals and culinary delights.

Nung people: The largest ethnic group in Lang Son, recognized for their simple indigo-dyed clothing that reflects a deep connection with nature. They are famed for sli and luon—antiphonal folk songs sung between men and women.

Tay people: Wearing attire similar to the Nung, the Tay are well-known for their flavorful sticky rice dishes and traditional sausages, often enjoyed during festive gatherings.

Hmong people: Adorned in the most intricate and colorful embroidered costumes, the Hmong are celebrated for vibrant cultural events such as the Gau Tao festival and exhilarating fire dance performances.

Dao people: Distinguished by their brocade skirts with intricate patterns, the Dao are best known for the Cap Sac (maturity) festival, a significant rite of passage for young men.

Festivals in Lang Son

Tam Thanh Pagoda Festival

Location: Tam Thanh Pagoda, Tam Thanh Ward, Lang Son City, Lang Son Province

Time: 15th day of the first lunar month each year

The Tam Thanh Pagoda Festival is one of Lang Son’s most vibrant early-year celebrations, held to pray for peace and good health in the new year. The day begins with Buddhist rituals such as chanting and wooden bell ringing, followed by lion dance teams performing at the pagoda while locals offer incense and pray. Traditional ceremonial steps include offering incense, flowers, tea, and wine; reading prayers; and burning votive papers. The festive part of the day features lively activities such as human chess, con throwing, and martial arts performances. Visitors can also enjoy cultural shows including quan ho folk singing, sli, then, luon, and cheo accompanied by traditional instruments like the then lute and two-string fiddle, creating a joyful and captivating atmosphere for locals and tourists alike.

Na Nhem Festival

Location: Tran Yen Commune, Bac Son District, Lang Son Province

Time: 15th day of the first lunar month each year

The Na Nhem Festival is a traditional celebration of the Tay people in Tran Yen Commune, honoring the village’s tutelary god and commemorating the legend of defending the village from invaders. During the event, participants smear black soot on their faces to resemble the enemy “Sac Tai Ngan” when alive. This act reflects local beliefs about spirits and the spiritual world—it is thought to confuse the souls of enemy ghosts, preventing them from recognizing those who reenacted their defeat. By doing so, villagers believe they can ward off misfortune, illness, or harm from these spirits, ensuring peace and safety for themselves and their families.

Phai Lua Festival

Location: Hong Phong Commune, Binh Gia District, Lang Son Province

Time: April 4th of the lunar calendar, held once every three years in leap years

The Phai Lua Festival is a long-standing traditional celebration of Hong Phong villagers, honoring an ancient legend rich in humanitarian values. The event begins with solemn ceremonial rites, followed by the lively festive part where young men from surrounding villages compete in thrilling sports such as boat racing, raft racing, swimming, and duck-catching underwater. Locals gather along both sides of the river to cheer on the contestants, creating an energetic atmosphere. Visitors to this renowned Lang Son festival can also enjoy the unique beauty of traditional Luon songs and Sli melodies, making the experience both culturally rich and unforgettable.

Mother Mau Dong Dang Shrine Festival

Location: Mother Goddess Temple, Dong Dang Town, Cao Loc District

Time: 10th day of the first lunar month (annually)

The Lang Son Mother Mau Dong Dang Shrine Festival is held with spiritual and religious activities to pray for peace and prosperity for the people. It is also an occasion to strengthen community bonds and preserve the region’s cultural identity. On this festive day, tens of thousands of locals and visitors from near and far gather to take part in traditional games such as martial arts demonstrations, lion dances, stick pushing, shuttlecock throwing, and tug-of-war. The festival’s culinary offerings are equally captivating, featuring signature Lang Son specialties like roasted duck, roasted pork, khau nhuc (braised pork with taro), and sour pho, leaving visitors with unforgettable flavors of the land.

How To Get To and Around Lang Son

To ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey to Lang Son, here are some transportation options you can consider:

Getting to Lang Son Province

There are several ways to travel to Lang Son, depending on your location and preferences:

By Airplane: If you’re coming from distant provinces—especially those in Central or Southern Vietnam—flying is the most time-efficient and energy-saving option. Since Lang Son doesn’t have an airport, you can book a flight to Hanoi, then continue your journey by motorbike, shuttle car, or intercity bus.

By Bus: This is an ideal option if you’re traveling from nearby provinces such as Hanoi, Quang Ninh, or Hai Phong. Multiple bus companies operate routes to Lang Son with reasonable prices and flexible schedules.

By Motorbike: Depending on your starting point, motorbike travel can add excitement to your adventure and give you flexibility over your itinerary. However, be sure to thoroughly check your bike before setting off.

By Train: If you prefer to travel by train, you can purchase tickets to Lang Son Railway Station. However, for travelers from the southern provinces, you should consider the long travel time and evaluate whether this option suits your schedule.

Getting Around Lang Son

Once in Lang Son, you can choose your means of transportation based on your itinerary, destinations, and budget:

Taxi: Taxis are readily available at major attractions throughout Lang Son. However, it’s recommended to use reputable taxi companies or agree on the fare in advance to avoid being overcharged.

Motorbike: Popular among young travelers, motorbikes are a cost-effective and adventurous way to explore Lang Son’s scenic landscapes. You can rent motorbikes at hotels, homestays, or local rental shops for convenient mobility and a more immersive experience.

Where to stay in Lang Son

Lang Son offers a wide range of accommodation options, from budget guesthouses to luxury hotels.

In Lang Son City

Luxury Hotels (4–5 stars)

For travelers seeking premium comfort and services, Lang Son City offers luxury hotels such as Sheraton Lang Son and Muong Thanh Luxury Lang Son. These hotels provide high-end amenities, modern rooms, and convenient locations for both business and leisure. Room rates typically range from VND 1,200,000 to 1,400,000 per night.

Mid-range Hotels (3 stars)

If you’re looking for a comfortable stay at a more affordable price, there are several reputable 3-star hotels in the city, including Sojo Hotel, Long Vu, Tra Linh, Dong Phuong, A1, and Phu Quy. These hotels offer clean, well-equipped rooms and basic services suitable for both tourists and business travelers. Prices range from VND 400,000 to 700,000 per night.

Budget Hotels & Guesthouses

Budget-conscious visitors can find a variety of guesthouses and lower-cost hotels throughout Lang Son. These places offer essential accommodations at reasonable prices, typically between VND 150,000 and 300,000 per night—perfect for solo travelers or short stays.

Outside the City—in Key Tourist Districts

Lang Son’s surrounding districts also offer many homestays and guesthouses, particularly in areas with popular attractions. Recommended by the Lang Son Tourism Promotion Center:

Huu Lung District: Rung Xanh Homestay, Yen Nhi Guesthouse, Binh Minh Guesthouse, Thang Lien Homestay

Bac Son District: Canh Dong Vang Homestay, Thuy Tien Guesthouse, Ban Chang Stilt House Homestay

Binh Gia District: Hong Son Guesthouse, Van Quang Guesthouse, Van Tuyen Guesthouse

Mau Son (Loc Binh District): Chan May Homestay, Cong Doan Guesthouse, Hoa Qua Son Guesthouse, Huong Son Homestay, May Guesthouse

Map of Lang Son—Your Invitation to Visit The Muse of Vietnam's Northeast

With its stunning natural landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and warm-hearted locals, Lang Son is truly a dream destination for adventure lovers and cultural explorers alike. Let this ultimate map of Lang Son guide you on a journey to uncover the province’s timeless beauty and historical charm. Don’t hesitate to pack your bags and set off for Lang Son—where majestic mountains, vibrant markets, and heartfelt hospitality are waiting to welcome you.

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